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1 2002 integrated device technology, inc. all rights reserved. product specifications subject to change without notice. dsc-4675/2 ? september 2002 idt and the idt logo are registered trademarks of integrated device technology, inc. the supersync fifo is a trademark of integ rated device technology, inc. commercial and industrial temperature ranges cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 131,072 x 9 idt72281 IDT72291 features: ? ? ? ? ? choose among the following memory organizations: idt72281 65,536 x 9 IDT72291 131,072 x 9 ? ? ? ? ? pin-compatible with the idt72261la/72271la supersync fifos ? ? ? ? ? 10ns read/write cycle time (6.5ns access time) ? ? ? ? ? fixed, low first word data latency time ? ? ? ? ? auto power down minimizes standby power consumption ? ? ? ? ? master reset clears entire fifo ? ? ? ? ? partial reset clears data, but retains programmable settings ? ? ? ? ? retransmit operation with fixed, low first word data latency time ? ? ? ? ? empty, full and half-full flags signal fifo status ? ? ? ? ? programmable almost-empty and almost-full flags, each flag can default to one of two preselected offsets ? ? ? ? ? program partial flags by either serial or parallel means ? ? ? ? ? select idt standard timing (using ef and ff flags) or first word fall through timing (using or and ir flags) ? ? ? ? ? output enable puts data outputs into high impedance state ? ? ? ? ? easily expandable in depth and width ? ? ? ? ? independent read and write clocks (permit reading and writing simultaneously) ? ? ? ? ? available in the 64-pin thin quad flat pack (tqfp) and the 64- pin slim thin quad flat pack (stqfp) ? ? ? ? ? high-performance submicron cmos technology ? ? ? ? ? industrial temperature range (-40c to +85c) is available description: the idt72281/72291 are exceptionally deep, high speed, cmos first-in- first-out (fifo) memories with clocked read and write controls. these fifos offer numerous improvements over previous supersync fifos, including the following: ? ? ? ? ? the limitation of the frequency of one clock input with respect to the other has been removed. the frequency select pin (fs) has been removed, thus it is no longer necessary to select which of the two clock inputs, rclk or wclk, is running at the higher frequency. ? ? ? ? ? the period required by the retransmit operation is now fixed and short. ? ? ? ? ? the first word data latency period, from the time the first word is written to an empty fifo to the time it can be read, is now fixed and short. (the variable clock cycle counting delay associated with the latency period found on previous supersync devices has been eliminated on this supersync family.) supersync fifos are particularly appropriate for network, video, telecom- munications, data communications and other applications that need to buffer large amounts of data. input register output register ram array 65,536 x 9 131,072 x 9 flag logic ff / ir paf ef / or pae hf read control logic write control logic reset logic wen wclk d 0 -d 8 ld mrs ren rclk oe q 0 -q 8 offset register prs fwft/si sen rt 4675 drw01 write pointer read pointer functional block diagram
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 2 tqfp (pn64-1, order code: pf) stqfp (pp64-1, order code: tf) top view description (continued) pin 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 wen sen dc (1) v cc v cc gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) gnd (2) d8 d7 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 dnc (3) dnc (3) gnd dnc (3) dnc (3) v cc dnc (3) dnc (3) dnc (3) gnd dnc (3) dnc (3) q8 q7 q6 gnd wclk prs mrs ld fwft/si gnd ff / ir paf hf v cc pae ef / or rclk ren rt oe q5 q4 v cc q3 q2 gnd q1 q0 gnd d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 4675 drw 02 the input port is controlled by a write clock (wclk) input and a write enable ( wen ) input. data is written into the fifo on every rising edge of wclk when wen is asserted. the output port is controlled by a read clock (rclk) input and read enable ( ren ) input. data is read from the fifo on every rising edge of rclk when ren is asserted. an output enable ( oe ) input is provided for three-state control of the outputs. the frequencies of both the rclk and the wclk signals may vary from 0 to f max with complete independence. there are no restrictions on the frequency of the one clock input with respect to the other. there are two possible timing modes of operation with these devices: idt standard mode and first word fall through (fwft) mode. in idt standard mode, the first word written to an empty fifo will not appear on the data output lines unless a specific read operation is performed. a read operation, which consists of activating ren and enabling a rising rclk edge, will shift the word from internal memory to the data output lines. in fwft mode, the first word written to an empty fifo is clocked directly to the data output lines after three transitions of the rclk signal. a ren does not have to be asserted for accessing the first word. however, subsequent words written to the fifo do require a low on ren for access. the state of the fwft/ si input during master reset determines the timing mode in use. for applications requiring more data storage capacity than a single fifo can provide, the fwft timing mode permits depth expansion by chaining fifos in series (i.e. the data outputs of one fifo are connected to the corresponding data inputs of the next). no external logic is required. these fifos have five flag pins, ef / or (empty flag or output ready), ff / ir (full flag or input ready), hf (half-full flag), pae (programmable almost- empty flag) and paf (programmable almost-full flag). the ef and ff functions are selected in idt standard mode. the ir and or functions are selected in notes: 1. dc = don?t care. must be tied to gnd or v cc , cannot be left open. 2. this pin may either be tied to gnd or left open. 3. dnc = do not connect. pin configurations
3 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 description (continued) figure 1. block diagram of single 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 synchronous fifo data out (q 0 - q n ) data in (d 0 - d n ) master reset ( mrs ) read clock (rclk) read enable ( ren ) output enable ( oe ) empty flag/output ready ( ef / or ) programmable almost-empty ( pae ) write clock (wclk) write enable ( wen ) load ( ld ) full flag/input ready ( ff / ir ) programmable almost-full ( paf ) idt 72281 72291 partial reset ( prs ) first word fall through/serial input (fwft/si) retransmit ( rt ) 4675 drw 03 half-full flag ( hf ) serial enable( sen ) fwft mode. hf , pae and paf are always available for use, irrespective of timing mode. pae and paf can be programmed independently to switch at any point in memory. (see table i and table ii.) programmable offsets determine the flag switching threshold and can be loaded by two methods: parallel or serial. two default offset settings are also provided, so that pae can be set to switch at 127 or 1,023 locations from the empty boundary and the paf threshold can be set at 127 or 1,023 locations from the full boundary. these choices are made with the ld pin during master reset. for serial programming, sen together with ld on each rising edge of wclk, are used to load the offset registers via the serial input (si). for parallel programming, wen together with ld on each rising edge of wclk, are used to load the offset registers via d n . ren together with ld on each rising edge of rclk can be used to read the offsets in parallel from qn regardless of whether serial or parallel offset loading has been selected. during master reset ( mrs ) the following events occur: the read and write pointers are set to the first location of the fifo. the fwft pin selects idt standard mode or fwft mode. the ld pin selects either a partial flag default setting of 127 with parallel programming or a partial flag default setting of 1,023 with serial programming. the flags are updated according to the timing mode and default offsets selected. the partial reset ( prs ) also sets the read and write pointers to the first location of the memory. however, the timing mode, partial flag programming method, and default or programmed offset settings existing before partial reset remain unchanged. the flags are updated according to the timing mode and offsets in effect. prs is useful for resetting a device in mid-operation, when reprogramming partial flags would be undesirable. the retransmit function allows data to be reread from the fifo more than once. a low on the rt input during a rising rclk edge initiates a retransmit operation by setting the read pointer to the first location of the memory array. if, at any time, the fifo is not actively performing an operation, the chip will automatically power down. once in the power down state, the standby supply current consumption is minimized. initiating any operation (by activating control inputs) will immediately take the device out of the power down state. the idt72281/72291 are fabricated using idt?s high speed submicron cmos technology.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 4 pin description symbol name i/o description d 0 ?d 8 data inputs i data inputs for a 9-bit bus. mrs master reset i mrs initializes the read and write pointers to zero and sets the output register to all zeroes. during master reset, the fifo is configured for either fwft or idt standard mode, one of two program- mable flag default settings, and serial or parallel programming of the offset settings. prs partial reset i prs initializes the read and write pointers to zero and sets the output register to all zeroes. during partial reset, the existing mode (idt or fwft), programming method (serial or parallel), and programmable flag settings are all retained. rt retransmit i rt asserted on the rising edge of rclk initializes the read pointer to zero, sets the ef flag to low ( or to high in fwft mode) temporarily and does not disturb the write pointer, program ming method, existing timing mode or programmable flag settings. rt is useful to reread data from the first physical location of the fifo. fwft/si first word fall i during master reset, selects first word fall through or idt standard mode. after master reset, through/serial in this pin functions as a serial input for loading offset registers wclk write clock i when enabled by wen , the rising edge of wclk writes data into the fifo and offsets into the programmable registers for parallel programming, and when enabled by sen , the rising edge of wclk writes one bit of data into the programmable register for serial programming. wen write enable i wen enables wclk for writing data into the fifo memory and offset registers. rclk read clock i when enabled by ren , the rising edge of rclk reads data from the fifo memory and offsets from the programmable registers. ren read enable i ren enables rclk for reading data from the fifo memory and offset registers. oe output enable i oe controls the output impedance of q n. sen serial enable i sen enables serial loading of programmable flag offsets. ld load i during master reset, ld selects one of two partial flag default offsets (127 or 1,023 and determines the flag offset programming method, serial or parallel. after master reset, this pin enables writing to and reading from the offset registers. dc don't care i this pin must be tied to either v cc or gnd and must not toggle after master reset. ff / ir full flag/ o in the idt standard mode, the ff function is selected. ff indicates whether or not the fifo input ready memory is full. in the fwft mode, the ir function is selected. ir indicates whether or not there is space available for writing to the fifo memory. ef / or empty flag/ o in the idt standard mode, the ef function is selected. ef indicates whether or not the fifo output ready memory is empty. in fwft mode, the or function is selected. or indicates whether or not there is valid data available at the outputs. paf programmable o paf goes low if the number of words in the fifo memory is more than total word capacity of the almost-full flag fifo minus the full offset value m, which is stored in the full offset register. there are two possible default values for m: 127 or 1,023. pae programmable o pae goes low if the number of words in the fifo memory is less than offset n, which is stored in almost-empty flag the empty offset register. there are two possible default values for n: 127 or 1,023. other values for n can be programmed into the device. hf half-full flag o hf indicates whether the fifo memory is more or less than half-full. q 0 ?q 8 data outputs o data outputs for a 9-bus v cc power +5 volt power supply pins. gnd ground ground pins.
5 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 symbol rating commercial unit v term terminal voltage ?0.5 to +7 v with respect to gnd t stg storage ?55 to +125 c temperature i out dc output current ?50 to +50 ma dc electrical characteristics (commercial: v cc = 5v 10%, t a = 0 c to +70 c; industrial: v cc = 5v 10%, t a = -40 to +85 c) symbol parameter (1) conditions max. unit c in (2) input v in = 0v 10 pf capacitance c out (1,2) output v out = 0v 10 pf capacitance symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit v cc supply voltage(com?l & ind?l) 4.5 5.0 5.5 v gnd supply voltage(com?l & ind?l) 0 0 0 v v ih input high voltage (com?l & ind?l) 2.0 ? ? v v il (1) input low voltage (com?? & ind?l) ? ? 0.8 v t a operating temperature 0 ? 70 c commercial t a operating temperature -40 ? 85 c industrial note 1. 1.5v undershoots are allowed for 10ns once per cycle. idt72281 IDT72291 commercial & industrial (1) t clk = 10, 15, 20 ns symbol parameter min. max. unit i li (2) input leakage current ?1 1 a i lo (3) output leakage current ?10 10 a v oh output logic ?1? voltage, i oh = ?2 ma 2.4 ? v v ol output logic ?0? voltage, i ol = 8 ma ? 0.4 v i cc1 (4,5,6) active power supply current ? 80 ma i cc2 (4,7) standby current ? 20 ma notes: 1. industrial temperature range product for 15ns and 20ns speed grade are available as a standard device. 2. measurements with 0.4 v in v cc . 3. oe v ih , 0.4 v out v cc . 4. tested with outputs open (i out = 0). 5. rclk and wclk toggle at 20 mhz and data inputs switch at 10 mhz. 6. typical i cc1 = 20 + 1.8*f s + 0.02*c l *f s (in ma) with v cc = 5v, t a = 25c, f s = wclk frequency = rclk frequency (in mhz, using ttl levels), data switching at f s /2, c l = capacitive load (in pf). 7. all inputs = v cc ? 0.2v or gnd + 0.2v, except rclk and wclk, which toggle at 20 mhz. absolute maximum ratings note: 1. stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliability. recommended dc operating conditions capacitance (t a = +25 c, f = 1.0mhz) notes: 1. with output deselected, ( oe v ih ). 2. characterized values, not currently tested.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 6 ac electrical characteristics (1) (commercial: v cc = 5v 10%, t a = 0 c to +70 c; industrial: v cc = 5v 10%, t a = -40 c to +85 c) commercial commercial & industrial (2) idt72281l10 idt72281l15 idt72281l20 IDT72291l10 IDT72291l15 IDT72291l20 symbol parameter min. max. min. max. min. max. unit f s clock cycle frequency ? 100 ? 66.7 ? 50 m h z t a data access time 2 6.5 2 10 2 12 ns t clk clock cycle time 10 ? 15 ? 20 ? ns t clkh clock high time 4.5 ? 6 ? 8 ? ns t clkl clock low time 4.5 ? 6 ? 8 ? ns t ds data setup time 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? ns t dh data hold time 0 ? 1 ? 1 ? ns t ens enable setup time 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? ns t enh enable hold time 0 ? 1 ? 1 ? ns t lds load setup time 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? ns t ldh load hold time 0 ? 1 ? 1 ? ns t rs reset pulse width (3) 10 ? 15 ? 20 ? ns t rss reset setup time 10 ? 15 ? 20 ? ns t rsr reset recovery time 10 ? 15 ? 20 ? ns t rsf reset to flag and output time ? 10 ? 15 ? 20 ns t fwft mode select time 0 ? 0 ? 0 ? ns t rts retransmit setup time 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? ns t olz output enable to output in low z (4) 0?0 ?0?ns t oe output enable to output valid 2 6 3 8 3 10 ns t ohz output enable to output in high z (4) 263 8310ns t wff write clock to ff or ir ? 6.5 ? 10 ? 12 ns t ref read clock to ef or or ? 6.5 ? 10 ? 12 ns t paf write clock to paf ? 6.5 ? 10 ? 12 ns t pae read clock to pae ? 6.5 ? 10 ? 12 ns t hf clock to hf ?16? 20?22ns t skew1 skew time between rclk and wclk for ff / ir 5?6 ?10?ns t skew2 skew time between rclk and wclk for pae and paf 12 ? 15 ? 20 ? ns t skew3 skew time between rclk and wclk for ef / or 60 ? 60 ? 60 ? ns notes: 1. all ac timings apply to both standard idt mode and first word fall through mode. 2. industrial temperature range product for 15ns and 20ns speed grade are available as a standard device. 3. pulse widths less than minimum values are not allowed. 4. values guaranteed by design, not currently tested. i nput pulse levels gnd to 3.0v input rise/fall times 3ns input timing reference levels 1.5v output reference levels 1.5v output load see figure 2 ac test conditions * includes jig and scope capacitances. 4675 drw 04 1.1k 30pf* 680 ? 5v d.u.t. figure 2. output load
7 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 when configured in idt standard mode, the ef and ff outputs are double register-buffered outputs. relevant timing diagrams for idt standard mode can be found in figure 7, 8 and 11. first word fall through mode (fwft) in this mode, the status flags, ir , paf , hf , pae , and or operate in the manner outlined in table 2. to write data into to the fifo, wen must be low. data presented to the data in lines will be clocked into the fifo on subsequent transitions of wclk. after the first write is performed, the output ready ( or ) flag will go low. subsequent writes will continue to fill up the fifo. pae will go high after n + 2 words have been loaded into the fifo, where n is the empty offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 2. this parameter is also user programmable. see section on programmable flag offset loading. if one continued to write data into the fifo, and we assumed no read operations were taking place, the hf would toggle to low once the 32,770th word for the idt72281 and 65,538th word for the IDT72291, respectively was written into the fifo. continuing to write data into the fifo will cause the paf to go low. again, if no reads are performed, the paf will go low after (65,537-m) writes for the idt72281 and (131,073-m) writes for the IDT72291, where m is the full offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 2. when the fifo is full, the input ready ( ir ) flag will go high, inhibiting further write operations. if no reads are performed after a reset, ir will go high after d writes to the fifo. d = 65,537 writes for the idt72281 and 131,073 writes for the IDT72291, respectively. note that the additional word in fwft mode is due to the capacity of the memory plus output register. if the fifo is full, the first read operation will cause the ir flag to go low. subsequent read operations will cause the paf and hf to go high at the conditions described in table 2. if further read operations occur, without write operations, the pae will go low when there are n + 1 words in the fifo, where n is the empty offset value. continuing read operations will cause the fifo to become empty. when the last word has been read from the fifo, or will go high inhibiting further read operations. ren is ig- nored when the fifo is empty. when configured in fwft mode, the or flag output is triple register- buffered, and the ir flag output is double register-buffered. relevant timing diagrams for fwft mode can be found in figure 9, 10 and 12. programming flag offsets full and empty flag offset values are user programmable. the idt72281/ 72291 has internal registers for these offsets. default settings are stated in the footnotes of table 1 and table 2. offset values can be programmed into the fifo in one of two ways; serial or parallel loading method. the selec- tion of the loading method is done using the ld (load) pin. during master reset, the state of the ld input determines whether serial or parallel flag offset programming is enabled. a high on ld during master reset selects serial loading of offset values and in addition, sets a default pae offset value of 3ffh (a threshold 1,023 words from the empty boundary), and a default paf offset value of 3ffh (a threshold 1,023 words from the full boundary). a low on ld during master reset selects parallel loading of offset values, and in addition, sets a default pae offset value of 07fh (a threshold 127 words from the empty boundary), and a default paf offset value of 07fh (a threshold 127 words from the full boundary). see figure 3, offset register location and default values . functional description timing modes: idt standard vs first word fall through (fwft) mode the idt72281/72291 support two different timing modes of operation: idt standard mode or first word fall through (fwft) mode. the selec- tion of which mode will operate is determined during master reset, by the state of the fwft/si input. if, at the time of master reset, fwft/si is low, then idt standard mode will be selected. this mode uses the empty flag ( ef ) to indicate whether or not there are any words present in the fifo. it also uses the full flag function ( ff ) to indicate whether or not the fifo has any free space for writing. in idt standard mode, every word read from the fifo, including the first, must be requested using the read enable ( ren ) and rclk. if, at the time of master reset, fwft/si is high, then fwft mode will be selected. this mode uses output ready ( or ) to indicate whether or not there is valid data at the data outputs (q n ). it also uses input ready ( ir ) to indicate whether or not the fifo has any free space for writing. in the fwft mode, the first word written to an empty fifo goes directly to qn after three rclk rising edges, ren = low is not necessary. subsequent words must be accessed using the read enable ( ren ) and rclk. various signals, both input and output signals operate differently depend- ing on which timing mode is in effect. idt standard mode in this mode, the status flags, ff , paf , hf , pae , and ef operate in the manner outlined in table 1. to write data into to the fifo, write enable ( wen ) must be low. data presented to the data in lines will be clocked into the fifo on subsequent transitions of the write clock (wclk). after the first write is performed, the empty flag ( ef ) will go high. subsequent writes will continue to fill up the fifo. the programmable almost-empty flag ( pae ) will go high after n + 1 words have been loaded into the fifo, where n is the empty offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 1. this parameter is also user programmable. see section on programmable flag offset loading. if one continued to write data into the fifo, and we assumed no read operations were taking place, the half-full flag ( hf ) would toggle to low once the 32,769th word for idt72281 and 65,537th word for IDT72291 respectively was written into the fifo. continuing to write data into the fifo will cause the programmable almost-full flag ( paf ) to go low. again, if no reads are performed, the paf will go low after (65,536-m) writes for the idt72281 and (131,072-m) writes for the IDT72291. the offset ?m? is the full offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 1. this parameter is also user programmable. see section on programmable flag offset loading. when the fifo is full, the full flag ( ff ) will go low, inhibiting further write operations. if no reads are performed after a reset, ff will go low after d writes to the fifo. d = 65,536 writes for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291, respectively. if the fifo is full, the first read operation will cause ff to go high. subsequent read operations will cause paf and hf to go high at the conditions described in table 1. if further read operations occur, without write operations, pae will go low when there are n words in the fifo, where n is the empty offset value. continuing read operations will cause the fifo to become empty. when the last word has been read from the fifo, the ef will go low inhibiting further read operations. ren is ignored when the fifo is empty.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 8 notes: 1. n = empty offset, default values: n = 127 when parallel offset loading is selected or n = 1,023 when serial offset loading i s selected. 2. m = full offset, default values: m = 127 when parallel offset loading is selected or m = 1,023 when serial offset loading is selected. notes: 1. n = empty offset, default values: n = 127 when parallel offset loading is selected or n = 1,023 when serial offset loading i s selected. 2. m = full offset, default values: m = 127 when parallel offset loading is selected or m = 1,023 when serial offset loading is selected. table 1 status flags for idt standard mode table 2 status flags for fwft mode idt72281 IDT72291 ff paf hf pae ef 0 0 l h h l h 1 to n+ 1 (1) 1 to n+ 1 (1) l h h l l (n + 2) to 32,769 (n + 2) to 65,537 l h h h l 32,770 to (65,537?(m+1)) (2) 65,538 to (131,073?(m+1)) (2) l h l h l (65,537 ? m) (2) to 65,536 (131,073 ? m) (2) to 6131,072 l l l h l 65,537 131,073 h l l h l number of words in fifo idt72281 IDT72291 ff paf hf pae ef 0 0 h h h l l 1 to n (1) 1 to n (1) h h h l h (n + 1) to 32,768 (n + 1) to 65,536 h h h h h 32,769 to (65,536?(m+1)) 65,537 to (131,072?(m+1)) h h l h h (65,536 ? m) (2) to 65,535 (131,072 ? m) (2) to 131,071 h l l h h 65,536 131,072 l l l h h number of words in fifo
9 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 figure 4. programmable flag offset programming sequence figure 3. offset register location and default values notes: 1. the programming method can only be selected at master reset. 2. parallel reading of the offset registers is always permitted regardless of which programming method has been selected. 3. the programming sequence applies to both idt standard and fwft modes. empty offset (lsb) register 87 0 idt72281 (65,536 x 9 ? bit) full offset (lsb) register 8 7 0 full offset (msb) register 87 0 default value 7fh if ld is low at master reset ffh if ld is high at master reset default value 00h if ld is low at master reset 03h if ld is high at master reset default value 7fh if ld is low at master reset ffh if ld is high at master reset empty offset (msb) register 87 0 default value 00h if ld is low at master reset 03h if ld is high at master reset empty offset (lsb) register 87 0 IDT72291 (131,072 x 9 ? bit) full offset (lsb) register 87 0 full offset (mid-byte) register 8 7 0 default value 7fh if ld is low at master reset ffh if ld is high at master reset default value 7fh if ld is low at master reset ffh if ld is high at master reset default value 00h if ld is low at master reset 03h if ld is high at master reset empty offset (mid-byte) register 87 0 default value 00h if ld is low at master reset 03h if ld is high at master reset 810 0h 80 1 default 0h default empty offset (msb) register full offset (msb) register 4675 drw06 wclk rclk x x xx x x xx 4675 drw07 ld 0 0 x 1 1 1 0 wen 0 1 1 0 x 1 1 ren 1 0 1 x 0 1 1 x sen 1 1 1 x x x 0 parallel write to registers: empty offset (lsb) full offset (lsb) full offset (msb) parallel read from registers: empty offset (lsb) empty offset (msb) full offset (lsb) full offset (msb) no operation write memory read memory no operation empty offset (msb) serial shift into registers: 32 bits for the idt72281 full offset (lsb) parallel read from registers: empty offset (lsb) empty offset (msb) full offset (lsb) full offset (msb) no operation write memory read memory no operation serial shift into registers: empty offset (mid-byte) full offset (mid-byte) parallel write to registers: empty offset (lsb) full offset (msb) full offset (mid-byte) empty offset (mid-byte) empty offset (msb) 34 bits for the IDT72291 1 bit for each rising wclk edge starting with empty offset (lsb) ending with full offset (msb) idt72281 IDT72291 1 bit for each rising wclk edge starting with empty offset (lsb) ending with full offset (msb)
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 10 serial programming mode if serial programming mode has been selected, as described above, then programming of pae and paf values can be achieved by using a combination of the ld , sen , wclk and si input pins. programming pae and paf proceeds as follows: when ld and sen are set low, data on the si input are written, one bit for each wclk rising edge, starting with the empty offset lsb and ending with the full offset msb. a total of 32 bits for the idt72281 and 34 bits for the IDT72291. see figure 13, serial loading of programmable flag registers , for the timing diagram for this mode. using the serial method, individual registers cannot be programmed se- lectively. pae and paf can show a valid status only after the complete set of bits (for all offset registers) has been entered. the registers can be reprogrammed as long as the complete set of new offset bits is entered. when ld is low and sen is high, no serial write to the registers can occur. write operations to the fifo are allowed before and during the serial programming sequence. in this case, the programming of all offset bits does not have to occur at once. a select number of bits can be written to the si input and then, by bringing ld and sen high, data can be written to fifo memory via d n by toggling wen . when wen is brought high with ld and sen restored to a low, the next offset bit in sequence is written to the registers via si. if an interruption of serial programming is desired, it is sufficient either to set ld low and deactivate sen or to set sen low and deactivate ld . once ld and sen are both restored to a low level, serial offset programming continues. from the time serial programming has begun, neither partial flag will be valid until the full set of bits required to fill all the offset registers has been written. measuring from the rising wclk edge that achieves the above criteria; paf will be valid after two more rising wclk edges plus t paf , pae will be valid after the next two rising rclk edges plus t pae plus t skew2 . it is not possible to read the flag offset values in a serial mode. parallel mode if parallel programming mode has been selected, as described above, then programming of pae and paf values can be achieved by using a combination of the ld , wclk , wen and d n input pins. for the idt72281, programming pae and paf proceeds as follows: when ld and wen are set low, data on the inputs dn are written into the empty offset lsb register on the first low-to-high transition of wclk. upon the second low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the empty offset msb register. upon the third low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the full offset lsb register. upon the fourth low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the full offset msb register. the fifth transition of wclk writes, once again, to the empty offset lsb register. see figure 14, parallel loading of programmable flag registers for the idt72281 , for the timing diagram for this mode. for the IDT72291, programming pae and paf proceeds as follows: when ld and wen are set low, data on the inputs dn are written into the empty offset lsb register on the first low-to-high transition of wclk. upon the second low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the empty offset mid-byte register. upon the third low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the empty offset msb register. upon the fourth low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the full offset lsb register. upon the fifth low-to-high transition of wclk, data are written into the full offset mid-byte register. upon the sixth low-to-high transi- tion of wclk, data are written into the full offset msb register. the sev- enth transition of wclk writes, once again, into the empty offset lsb regis- ter. see figure 15, parallel loading of programmable flag registers for the IDT72291 , for the timing diagram for this mode. the act of writing offsets in parallel employs a dedicated write offset register pointer. the act of reading offsets employs a dedicated read offset register pointer. the two pointers operate independently; however, a read and a write should not be performed simultaneously to the offset registers. a master reset initializes both pointers to the empty offset (lsb) register. a partial reset has no effect on the position of these pointers. write operations to the fifo are allowed before and during the parallel programming sequence. in this case, the programming of all offset registers does not have to occur at one time. one, two or more offset registers can be written and then by bringing ld high, write operations can be redirected to the fifo memory. when ld is set low again, and wen is low, the next offset register in sequence is written to. as an alternative to holding wen low and toggling ld , parallel programming can also be interrupted by setting ld low and toggling wen . note that the status of a partial flag ( pae or paf ) output is invalid during the programming process. from the time parallel programming has begun, a partial flag output will not be valid until the appropriate offset word has been written to the register(s) pertaining to that flag. measuring from the rising wclk edge that achieves the above criteria; paf will be valid after two more rising wclk edges plus t paf , pae will be valid after the next two rising rclk edges plus t pae plus t skew2 . the act of reading the offset registers employs a dedicated read offset register pointer. the contents of the offset registers can be read on the q 0 - q n pins when ld is set low and ren is set low. for the idt72281, data are read via q n from the empty offset lsb register on the first low-to- high transition of rclk. upon the second low-to-high transition of rclk, data are read from the empty offset msb register. upon the third low-to- high transition of rclk, data are read from the full offset lsb register. upon the fourth low-to-high transition of rclk, data are read from the full offset msb register. the fifth transition of rclk reads, once again, from the empty offset lsb register. see figure 16, parallel read of pro- grammable flag registers for the idt72281 , for the timing diagram for this mode. for the IDT72291, data is read via q n from the empty offset lsb regis- ter on the first low-to-high transition of rclk. upon the second low-to- high transition of rclk, data are read from the empty offset mid-byte register. upon the third low-to-high transition of rclk, data are read from the empty offset msb register. upon the fourth low-to-high transi- tion of rclk, data are read from the full offset lsb register. upon the fifth low-to-high transition of rclk, data are read from the full offset mid- byte register. upon the sixth low-to-high transition of rclk, data are read from the full offset msb register. the seventh transition of rclk reads, once again, from the empty offset lsb register. see figure 17, parallel read of programmable flag registers for the IDT72291 , for the timing diagram for this mode. it is permissible to interrupt the offset register read sequence with reads or writes to the fifo. the interruption is accomplished by deasserting ren , ld , or both together. when ren and ld are restored to a low level, reading of the offset registers continues where it left off. it should be noted, and care should be taken from the fact that when a parallel read of the flag offsets is performed, the data word that was present on the output lines q n will be overwritten. parallel reading of the offset registers is always permitted regardless of which timing mode (idt standard or fwft modes) has been selected.
11 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 retransmit operation the retransmit operation allows data that has already been read to be accessed again. there are two stages: first, a setup procedure that resets the read pointer to the first location of memory, then the actual retransmit, which consists of reading out the memory contents, starting at the begin- ning of memory. retransmit setup is initiated by holding rt low during a rising rclk edge. ren and wen must be high before bringing rt low. at least one word, but no more than d? 2 words should have been written into the fifo between reset (master or partial) and the time of retransmit setup. d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and d = 131,072 for the IDT72291 in idt standard mode. in fwft mode, d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and d = 131,073 for the IDT72291. if idt standard mode is selected, the fifo will mark the beginning of the retransmit setup by setting ef low. the change in level will only be noticeable if ef was high before setup. during this period, the internal read pointer is initialized to the first location of the ram array. when ef goes high, retransmit setup is complete and read opera- tions may begin starting with the first location in memory. since idt stan- dard mode is selected, every word read including the first word following retransmit setup requires a low on ren to enable the rising edge of rclk. see figure 11, retransmit timing (idt standard mode) , for the relevant timing diagram. if fwft mode is selected, the fifo will mark the beginning of the retransmit setup by setting or high. during this period, the internal read pointer is set to the first location of the ram array. when or goes low, retransmit setup is complete; at the same time, the contents of the first location appear on the outputs. since fwft mode is selected, the first word appears on the outputs, no low on ren is necessary. reading all subsequent words requires a low on ren to enable the rising edge of rclk. see figure 12, retransmit timing (fwft mode) , for the relevant timing diagram. for either idt standard mode or fwft mode, updating of the pae , hf and paf flags begin with the rising edge of rclk that rt is setup. pae is synchronized to rclk, thus on the second rising edge of rclk after rt is setup, the pae flag will be updated. hf is asynchronous, thus the rising edge of rclk that rt is setup will update hf . paf is synchro- nized to wclk, thus the second rising edge of wclk that occurs t skew after the rising edge of rclk that rt is setup will update paf . rt is synchronized to rclk.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 12 signal description inputs: data in (d 0 - d 8 ) data inputs for 9-bit wide data. controls: master reset ( mrs ) a master reset is accomplished whenever the mrs input is taken to a low state. this operation sets the internal read and write pointers to the first location of the ram array. pae will go low, paf will go high, and hf will go high. if fwft is low during master reset then the idt standard mode, along with ef and ff are selected. ef will go low and ff will go high. if fwft is high, then the first word fall through mode (fwft), along with ir and or , are selected. or will go high and ir will go low. if ld is low during master reset, then pae is assigned a threshold 127 words from the empty boundary and paf is assigned a threshold 127 words from the full boundary; 127 words corresponds to an offset value of 07fh. following master reset, parallel loading of the offsets is permitted, but not serial loading. if ld is high during master reset, then pae is assigned a threshold 1,023 words from the empty boundary and paf is assigned a threshold 1,023 words from the full boundary; 1,023 words corresponds to an offset value of 3ffh. following master reset, serial loading of the offsets is permitted, but not parallel loading. parallel reading of the registers is always permitted. (see section de- scribing the ld pin for further details.) during a master reset, the output register is initialized to all zeroes. a master reset is required after power up, before a write operation can take place. mrs is asynchronous. see figure 5, master reset timing , for the relevant timing diagram. partial reset ( prs ) a partial reset is accomplished whenever the prs input is taken to a low state. as in the case of the master reset, the internal read and write pointers are set to the first location of the ram array, pae goes low, paf goes high, and hf goes high. whichever mode is active at the time of partial reset, idt standard mode or first word fall through, that mode will remain selected. if the idt standard mode is active, then ff will go high and ef will go low. if the first word fall through mode is active, then or will go high, and ir will go low. following partial reset, all values held in the offset registers remain unchanged. the programming method (parallel or serial) currently active at the time of partial reset is also retained. the output register is initialized to all zeroes. prs is asynchronous. a partial reset is useful for resetting the device during the course of operation, when reprogramming partial flag offset settings may not be con- venient. see figure 6, partial reset timing , for the relevant timing diagram. retransmit ( rt ) the retransmit operation allows data that has already been read to be accessed again. there are two stages: first, a setup procedure that resets the read pointer to the first location of memory, then the actual retransmit, which consists of reading out the memory contents, starting at the beginning of the memory. retransmit setup is initiated by holding rt low during a rising rclk edge. ren and wen must be high before bringing rt low. if idt standard mode is selected, the fifo will mark the beginning of the retransmit setup by setting ef low. the change in level will only be noticeable if ef was high before setup. during this period, the internal read pointer is initialized to the first location of the ram array. when ef goes high, retransmit setup is complete and read operations may begin starting with the first location in memory. since idt standard mode is selected, every word read including the first word following re- transmit setup requires a low on ren to enable the rising edge of rclk. see figure 11, retransmit timing (idt standard mode) , for the relevant timing diagram. if fwft mode is selected, the fifo will mark the beginning of the re- transmit setup by setting or high. during this period, the internal read pointer is set to the first location of the ram array. when or goes low, retransmit setup is complete; at the same time, the contents of the first location appear on the outputs. since fwft mode is selected, the first word appears on the outputs, no low on ren is neces- sary. reading all subsequent words requires a low on ren to enable the rising edge of rclk. see figure 12, retransmit timing (fwft mode) , for the relevant timing diagram. first word fall through/serial in ( fwft/si ) this is a dual purpose pin. during master reset, the state of the fwft/ si input determines whether the device will operate in idt standard mode or first word fall through (fwft) mode. if, at the time of master reset, fwft/si is low, then idt standard mode will be selected. this mode uses the empty flag ( ef ) to indicate whether or not there are any words present in the fifo memory. it also uses the full flag function ( ff ) to indicate whether or not the fifo memory has any free space for writing. in idt standard mode, every word read from the fifo, including the first, must be requested using the read enable ( ren ) and rclk. if, at the time of master reset, fwft/si is high, then fwft mode will be selected. this mode uses output ready ( or ) to indicate whether or not there is valid data at the data outputs (q n ). it also uses input ready ( ir ) to indicate whether or not the fifo memory has any free space for writing. in the fwft mode, the first word written to an empty fifo goes directly to q n after three rclk rising edges, ren = low is not necessary. subsequent words must be accessed using the read enable ( ren ) and rclk. after master reset, fwft/si acts as a serial input for loading pae and paf offsets into the programmable registers. the serial input function can only be used when the serial loading method has been selected during master reset. serial programming using the fwft/si pin functions the same way in both idt standard and fwft modes. write clock (wclk ) a write cycle is initiated on the rising edge of the wclk input. data setup and hold times must be met with respect to the low-to-high transition of the wclk. it is permissible to stop the wclk. note that while wclk is idle, the ff / ir , paf and hf flags will not be updated. (note that wclk is only capable of updating hf flag to low.) the write and read clocks can either be independent or coincident.
13 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 write enable ( wen ) when the wen input is low, data may be loaded into the fifo ram array on the rising edge of every wclk cycle if the device is not full. data is stored in the ram array sequentially and independently of any ongoing read operation. when wen is high, no new data is written in the ram array on each wclk cycle. to prevent data overflow in the idt standard mode, ff will go low, inhibiting further write operations. upon the completion of a valid read cycle, ff will go high allowing a write to occur. the ff is updated by two wclk cycles + t skew after the rclk cycle. to prevent data overflow in the fwft mode, ir will go high, inhibiting further write operations. upon the completion of a valid read cycle, ir will go low allowing a write to occur. the ir flag is updated by two wclk cycles + t skew after the valid rclk cycle. wen is ignored when the fifo is full in either fwft or idt standard mode. read clock (rclk) a read cycle is initiated on the rising edge of the rclk input. data can be read on the outputs, on the rising edge of the rclk input. it is permis- sible to stop the rclk. note that while rclk is idle, the ef / or , pae and hf flags will not be updated. (note that rclk is only capable of updating the hf flag to high.) the write and read clocks can be independent or coincident. read enable ( ren ) when read enable is low, data is loaded from the ram array into the output register on the rising edge of every rclk cycle if the device is not empty. when the ren input is high, the output register holds the previous data and no new data is loaded into the output register. the data outputs q 0 -q n maintain the previous data value. in the idt standard mode, every word accessed at q n , including the first word written to an empty fifo, must be requested using ren . when the last word has been read from the fifo, the empty flag ( ef ) will go low, inhibiting further read operations. ren is ignored when the fifo is empty. once a write is performed, ef will go high allowing a read to occur. the ef flag is updated by two rclk cycles + t skew after the valid wclk cycle. in the fwft mode, the first word written to an empty fifo automatically goes to the outputs q n , on the third valid low to high transition of rclk + t skew after the first write. ren does not need to be asserted low. in order to access all other words, a read must be executed using ren . the rclk low to high transition after the last word has been read from the fifo, output ready ( or ) will go high with a true read (rclk with ren = low), inhibiting further read operations. ren is ignored when the fifo is empty. serial enable ( sen ) the sen input is an enable used only for serial programming of the offset registers. the serial programming method must be selected during master reset. sen is always used in conjunction with ld . when these lines are both low, data at the si input can be loaded into the program register one bit for each low-to-high transition of wclk. (see figure 4.) when sen is high, the programmable registers retains the previous settings and no offsets are loaded. sen functions the same way in both idt standard and fwft modes. output enable ( oe ) when output enable is enabled (low), the parallel output buffers re- ceive data from the output register. when oe is high, the output data bus (q n ) goes into a high impedance state. load ( ld ) this is a dual purpose pin. during master reset, the state of the ld input determines one of two default offset values (127 or 1,023) for the pae and paf flags, along with the method by which these offset registers can be programmed, parallel or serial. after master reset, ld enables write op- erations to and read operations from the offset registers. only the offset loading method currently selected can be used to write to the registers. offset registers can be read only in parallel. a low on ld during master reset selects a default pae offset value of 07fh (a threshold 127 words from the empty boundary), a default paf offset value of 07fh (a threshold 127 words from the full boundary), and parallel loading of other offset values. a high on ld during master reset selects a default pae offset value of 3ffh (a threshold 1,023 words from the empty boundary), a default paf offset value of 3ffh (a threshold 1,023 words from the full boundary), and serial loading of other offset values. after master reset, the ld pin is used to activate the programming process of the flag offset values pae and paf . pulling ld low will begin a serial loading or parallel load or read of these offset values. see figure 4, programmable flag offset programming sequence . outputs: full flag ( ff / ir ) this is a dual purpose pin. in idt standard mode, the full flag ( ff ) function is selected. when the fifo is full, ff will go low, inhibiting further write operations. when ff is high, the fifo is not full. if no reads are performed after a reset (either mrs or prs ), ff will go low after d writes to the fifo (d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291). see figure 7, write cycle and full flag timing (idt standard mode) , for the relevant timing information. in fwft mode, the input ready ( ir ) function is selected. ir goes low when memory space is available for writing in data. when there is no longer any free space left, ir goes high, inhibiting further write operations. if no reads are performed after a reset (either mrs or prs ), ir will go high after d writes to the fifo (d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291) see figure 9, write timing (fwft mode) , for the relevant timing information. the ir status not only measures the contents of the fifo memory, but also counts the presence of a word in the output register. thus, in fwft mode, the total number of writes necessary to deassert ir is one greater than needed to assert ff in idt standard mode. ff / ir is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of wclk. ff / ir are double register-buffered outputs. empty flag ( ef / or ) this is a dual purpose pin. in the idt standard mode, the empty flag ( ef ) function is selected. when the fifo is empty, ef will go low, inhibiting further read operations. when ef is high, the fifo is not empty. see figure 8, read cycle, empty flag and first word latency timing (idt standard mode) , for the relevant timing information. in fwft mode, the output ready ( or ) function is selected. or goes low at the same time that the first word written to an empty fifo appears
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 14 valid on the outputs. or stays low after the rclk low to high transition that shifts the last word from the fifo memory to the outputs. or goes high only with a true read (rclk with ren = low). the previous data stays at the outputs, indicating the last word was read. further data reads are inhibited until or goes low again. see figure 10, read timing (fwft mode) , for the relevant timing information. ef / or is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of rclk. in idt standard mode, ef is a double register-buffered output. in fwft mode, or is a triple register-buffered output. programmable almost-full flag ( paf ) the programmable almost-full flag ( paf ) will go low when the fifo reaches the almost-full condition. in idt standard mode, if no reads are performed after reset ( mrs ), paf will go low after (d ? m) words are written to the fifo. the paf will go low after (65,536?m) writes for the idt72281 and (131,072?m) writes for the IDT72291. the offset ?m? is the full offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 1. in fwft mode, the paf will go low after (65,53?m) writes for the idt72281 and (131,073?m) writes for the IDT72291, where m is the full offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 2. see figure 18, programmable almost-full flag timing (idt standard and fwft mode) , for the relevant timing information. paf is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of wclk. programmable almost-empty flag ( pae ) the programmable almost-empty flag ( pae ) will go low when the fifo reaches the almost-empty condition. in idt standard mode, pae will go low when there are n words or less in the fifo. the offset ?n? is the empty offset value. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 1. in fwft mode, the pae will go low when there are n+1 words or less in the fifo. the default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of table 2. see figure 19, programmable almost-empty flag timing (idt stan- dard and fwft mode) , for the relevant timing information. pae is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of rclk. half-full flag ( hf ) this output indicates a half-full fifo. the rising wclk edge that fills the fifo beyond half-full sets hf low. the flag remains low until the differ- ence between the write and read pointers becomes less than or equal to half of the total depth of the device; the rising rclk edge that accomplishes this condition sets hf high. in idt standard mode, if no reads are performed after reset ( mrs or prs) , hf will go low after (d/2 + 1) writes to the fifo, where d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291. in fwft mode, if no reads are performed after reset ( mrs or prs ), hf will go low after (d-1/2 + 2) writes to the fifo, where d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291. see figure 20, half-full flag timing (idt standard and fwft modes) , for the relevant timing information. because hf is updated by both rclk and wclk, it is considered asynchronous. data outputs (q 0 -q 8 ) (q 0 - q 8 ) are data outputs for 9-bit wide data.
15 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 figure 5. master reset timing mrs ren fwft/si 4675 drw 08 t fwft wen ld t rsr t rss t rss rt sen t rss t rsf t rsf oe = high oe = low pae paf , hf q 0 - q n t rsf ef / or ff / ir t rsf t rsf if fwft = high, or = high if fwft = low, ef = low if fwft = low, ff = high if fwft = high, ir = low t rsr t rss t rsr t rsr t rs t rss
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 16 figure 6. partial reset timing t rs prs t rsr ren t rss 4675 drw 09 t rsr wen t rss rt sen t rss t rsf t rsf oe = high oe = low pae paf , hf q 0 - q n t rsf ef / or ff / ir t rsf t rsf if fwft = high, or = high if fwft = low, ef = low if fwft = low, ff = high if fwft = high, ir = low t rss
17 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 figure 8. read cycle, empty flag and first data word latency timing (idt standard mode) notes: 1. t skew3 is the minimum time between a rising wclk edge and a rising rclk edge to guarantee that ef will go high (after one rclk cycle plus t ref ). if the time between the rising edge of wclk and the rising edge of rclk is less than t skew3 , then ef deassertion may be delayed one extra rclk cycle. 2. ld = high. notes: 1. t skew1 is the minimum time between a rising rclk edge and a rising wclk edge to guarantee that ff will go high (after one wclk cycle pus t wff ). if the time between the rising edge of the rclk and the rising edge of the wclk is less than t skew1 , then the ff deassertion may be delayed one extra wclk cycle. 2. ld = high, oe = low, ef = high. figure 7. write cycle and full flag timing (idt standard mode) d 0 - d n wen rclk ren t enh t enh q 0 - q n data read next data read data in output register t skew1 (1) 4675 drw 10 wclk no write 1 2 1 2 t ds no write t wff t wff t wff t ens t ens t skew1 (1) t ds d x t dh d x +1 t wff t dh t clk t clkl t clkh t a t a rclk ren 4675 drw 11 ef t enh t ref t a t olz t oe q 0 - q n oe wclk (1) t skew3 wen d 0 - d n t ens t ens t enh t ds t dhs d 0 1 2 t olz last word d 0 d 1 d 1 t ens t enh t ds t dh t ohz last word t enh t ens t a t a t ens t enh t clk t clkh t clkl t ref t ref no operation no operation
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 18 figure 9. write timing (first word fall through mode) notes: 1. t skew3 is the minimum time between a rising wclk edge and a rising rclk edge to guarantee that or will go low after two rclk cycles plus t ref . if the time between the rising edge of wclk and the rising edge of rclk is less than t skew3 , then or assertion may be delayed one extra rclk cycle. 2. t skew2 is the minimum time between a rising wclk edge and a rising rclk edge to guarantee that pae will go high after one rclk cycle plus t pae . if the time between the rising edge of wclk and the rising edge of rclk is less than t skew2 , then the pae deassertion may be delayed one extra rclk cycle. 3. ld = high, oe = low. 4. n = pae offset, m = paf offset and d = maximum fifo depth. 5. d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291. w 1 w 2 w 4 w [n +2] w [d-m-1] w [d-m-2] w [d-1] w d w [n+3] w [n+4] w [d-m] w [d-m+1] wclk wen d 0 - d 8 rclk t dh t ds t skew3 (1) ren q 0 - q 8 paf hf pae ir t ds t ds t ds t skew2 t a t ref or t hf t paf t wff w [d-m+2] w 1 t enh 4675 drw 12 data in output register (2) w 3 1 2 3 1 d-1 ] [ w d-1 ] [ w d-1 ] [ w 1 2 t pae
19 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 figure 10. read timing (first word fall through mode) wclk 12 wen d 0 - d 8 rclk t ens ren q 0 - q 8 paf hf pae ir or w 1 w 1 w 2 w 3 w m+2 w [m+3] t ohz t skew1 t enh t ds t dh t oe t a t a t a t paf t wff t wff t ens oe t skew2 w d 4675 drw 13 t pae w [d-n] w [d-n-1] t a t a t hf t ref w [d-1] w d t a w [d-n+1] w [m+4] w [d-n+2] (1) (2) t ens d-1 ] [ w d-1 ] [ w notes: 1. t skew1 is the minimum time between a rising rclk edge and a rising wclk edge to guarantee that ir will go low after one wclk cycle plus t wff . if the time between the rising edge of rclk and the rising edge of wclk is less than t skew1 , then the ir assertion may be delayed one extra wclk cycle. 2. t skew2 is the minimum time between a rising rclk edge and a rising wclk edge to guarantee that paf will go high after one wclk cycle plus t paf . if the time between the rising edge of rclk and the rising edge of wclk is less than t skew2 , then the paf deassertion may be delayed one extra wclk cycle. 3. ld = high. 4. n = pae offset, m = paf offset and d = maximum fifo depth. 5. d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 20 notes: 1. retransmit setup is complete after ef returns high, only then can a read operation begin. 2. oe = low. 3. w 1 = first word written to the fifo after master reset, w 2 = second word written to the fifo after master reset. 4. no more than d ? 2 may be written to the fifo between reset (master or partial) and retransmit setup. therefore, ff will be high throughout the retransmit setup procedure. d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291. 5. ef goes high at 60 ns + 1 rclk cycle + t ref . figure 11. retransmit timing (idt standard mode) t ref t enh 4675 drw 14 t a t ens w x wclk rclk ren rt ef paf hf pae q 0 - q n t skew2 12 1 w 1 t hf t pae t ref w x+1 2 w 2 t enh wen t ens t ens t enh (3) t a t a (3) (5) t rts t rts t paf
21 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 notes: 1. retransmit setup is complete after or returns low. 2. no more than d ? 2 words may be written to the fifo between reset (master or partial) and retransmit setup. therefore, ir will be low throughout the retransmit setup procedure. d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291. 3. oe = low. 4. w 1 , w 2 , w 3 = first, second and third words written to the fifo after master reset. 5. or goes low at 60 ns + 2 rclk cycles + t ref . figure 12. retransmit timing (fwft mode) figure 13. serial loading of programmable flag registers (idt standard and fwft modes) wclk sen si 4675 drw16 t enh t ens t lds ld t ds bit 0 empty offset bit x bit 0 full offset (1) t enh bit x (1) t ldh t ldh t ldh t dh t ref t enh 4675 drw 15 t ens w x wclk rclk ren rt or paf hf pae q 0 - q n t skew2 12 1 t hf t pae t ref w x+1 2 w 2 t enh wen t ens w 1 t enh (4) (5) 3 4 t enh w 3 t rts t a t a t rts t paf note: 1. x = 15 for the idt72281 and x = 16 for the IDT72291.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 22 wclk ld wen d 0 - d 7 t lds t ens pae offset (lsb) t ds t dh t enh paf offset (lsb) paf offset (msb) 4675 drw 17 t ldh t dh t clkl t ldh pae offset (msb) t clk t clkh t enh wclk ld wen d 0 - d 7 t lds t ens pae offset (lsb) pae offset (mid-byte) t ds t dh t enh pae offset (msb) paf offset (lsb) 4675 drw 18 paf offset (mid-byte) paf offset (msb) t ldh t dh t ldh t clk t clkh t clkl t enh figure 15. parallel loading of programmable flag registers (idt standard and fwft modes) for the IDT72291 figure 14. parallel loading of programmable flag registers (idt standard and fwft modes) for the idt72281 rclk ld ren q 0 - q 7 t ldh t lds t ens data in output register t enh 4675 drw 19 t clk t a t a paf offset (msb) paf offset (lsb) pae offset (msb) pae offset (lsb) t enh t ldh t clkh t clkl ld ren t ldh t ldh t lds t ens t enh t enh 4675 drw 20 rclk q 0 - q 7 data in output register pae offset (msb) paf offset (msb) pae offset (mid-byte) pae offset (lsb) paf offset (mid-byte) paf offset (lsb) t a t a t clk t clkh t clkl figure 16. parallel read of programmable flag registers (idt standard and fwft modes) for the idt72281 note: 1. oe = low. figure 17. parallel read of programmable flag registers (idt standard and fwft modes) for the IDT72291 note: 1. oe = low.
23 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 notes: 1. m = paf offset. 2. d = maximum fifo depth. in idt standard mode: d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291. in fwft mode: d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291. 3. t skew2 is the minimum time between a rising rclk edge and a rising wclk edge to guarantee that paf will go high (after one wclk cycle plus t paf ). if the time between the rising edge of rclk and the rising edge of wclk is less than t skew2 , then the paf deassertion time may be delayed one extra wclk cycle. 4. paf is asserted and updated on the rising edge of wclk only. figure 18. programmable almost-full flag timing (idt standard and fwft modes) wclk t enh t clkh t clkl wen paf rclk (3) ren 4675 drw 21 t ens t enh t ens d - (m+1) words in fifo (2) t skew2 1 2 12 d-(m+1) words in fifo (2) t paf d - m words in fifo (2) t paf notes: 1. n = pae offset. 2. for idt standard mode. 3. for fwft mode. 4. t skew2 is the minimum time between a rising wclk edge and a rising rclk edge to guarantee that pae will go high (after one rclk cycle plus t pae ). if the time between the rising edge of wclk and the rising edge of rclk is less than t skew2 , then the pae deassertion may be delayed one extra rclk cycle. 5. pae is asserted and updated on the rising edge of wclk only. figure 20. half-full flag timing (idt standard and fwft modes) wclk t enh t clkh t clkl wen pae rclk t ens t pae t skew2 t pae 12 12 (4) ren 4675 drw 22 t ens t enh n+1 words in fifo (2) , n+2 words in fifo (3) n words in fifo (2) , n+1 words in fifo (3) n words in fifo (2) , n+1 words in fifo (3) wclk t ens t enh wen hf t ens rclk ren 4675 drw 23 d/2 words in fifo (1) , [ + 1 ] words in fifo (2) d-1 2 d/2 + 1 words in fifo (1) , [ + 2 ] words in fifo (2) d-1 2 d/2 words in fifo (1) , [ + 1 ] words in fifo (2) d-1 2 t clkh t clkl t hf t hf figure 19. programmable almost-empty flag timing (idt standard and fwft modes) notes: 1. for idt standard mode: d = maximum fifo depth. d = 65,536 for the idt72281 and 131,072 for the IDT72291. 2. for fwft mode: d = maximum fifo depth. d = 65,537 for the idt72281 and 131,073 for the IDT72291.
commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 24 notes: 1. use an and gate in idt standard mode, an or gate in fwft mode. 2. do not connect any output control signals directly together. 3. fifo #1 and fifo #2 must be the same depth, but may be different word widths. optional configurations width expansion configuration word width may be increased simply by connecting together the control signals of multiple devices. status flags can be detected from any one device. the exceptions are the ef and ff functions in idt standard mode and the ir and or functions in fwft mode. because of variations in skew between rclk and wclk, it is possible for ef / ff deassertion and ir / or assertion to vary figure 21. block diagram of 65,536 x 18 and 131,072 x 18 width expansion by one cycle between fifos. in idt standard mode, such problems can be avoided by creating composite flags, that is, anding ef of every fifo, and separately anding ff of every fifo. in fwft mode, composite flags can be created by oring or of every fifo, and separately oring ir of every fifo. figure 23 demonstrates a width expansion using two idt72281/72291 devices. d 0 - d 8 from each device form a 18-bit wide input bus and q 0 -q 8 from each device form a 18-bit wide output bus. any word width can be attained by adding additional idt72281/72291 devices. write clock (wclk) m + n m n master reset ( mrs ) read clock (rclk) data out n m + n write enable ( wen ) full flag/input ready ( ff / ir ) programmable ( paf ) programmable ( pae ) empty flag/output ready ( ef / or ) #2 output enable ( oe ) read enable ( ren ) m load ( ld ) idt 72281 72291 empty flag/output ready ( ef / or ) #1 partial reset ( prs ) idt 72281 72291 4675 drw 24 full flag/input ready ( ff / ir ) #2 half-full flag ( hf ) first word fall through/ serial input (fwft/si) retransmit ( rt ) #1 fifo #2 gate (1) gate (1) d 0 - dm data in dm +1 - dn q 0 - qm qm +1 - qn fifo #1
25 commercial and industrial temperature ranges idt72281/72291 cmos supersync fifo? 65,536 x 9 and 131,072 x 9 depth expansion configuration (fwft mode only) the idt72281 can easily be adapted to applications requiring depths greater than 65,536 and 131,072 for the IDT72291 with a 9-bit bus width. in fwft mode, the fifos can be connected in series (the data outputs of one fifo connected to the data inputs of the next) with no external logic necessary. the resulting configuration provides a total depth equivalent to the sum of the depths associated with each single fifo. figure 24 shows a depth expansion using two idt72281/72291 devices. care should be taken to select fwft mode during master reset for all fifos in the depth expansion configuration. the first word written to an empty configuration will pass from one fifo to the next ("ripple down") until it finally appears at the outputs of the last fifo in the chain?no read operation is necessary but the rclk of each fifo must be free-running. each time the data word appears at the outputs of one fifo, that device's or line goes low, enabling a write to the next fifo in line. for an empty expansion configuration, the amount of time it takes for or of the last fifo in the chain to go low (i.e. valid data to appear on the last fifo's outputs) after a word has been written to the first fifo is the sum of the delays for each individual fifo: (n ? 1)*(4*transfer clock) + 3*t rclk where n is the number of fifos in the expansion and t rclk is the rclk period. note that extra cycles should be added for the possibility that the t skew3 specification is not met between wclk and transfer clock, or rclk and transfer clock, for the or flag. the "ripple down" delay is only noticeable for the first word written to an empty depth expansion configuration. there will be no delay evident for subsequent words written to the configuration. the first free location created by reading from a full depth expansion configuration will "bubble up" from the last fifo to the previous one until it finally moves into the first fifo of the chain. each time a free location is created in one fifo of the chain, that fifo's ir line goes low, enabling the preceding fifo to write a word to fill it. for a full expansion configuration, the amount of time it takes for ir of the first fifo in the chain to go low after a word has been read from the last fifo is the sum of the delays for each individual fifo: (n ? 1)*(3*transfer clock) + 2 t wclk where n is the number of fifos in the expansion and t wclk is the wclk period. note that extra cycles should be added for the possibility that the t skew1 specification is not met between rclk and transfer clock, or wclk and transfer clock, for the ir flag. the transfer clock line should be tied to either wclk or rclk, whichever is faster. both these actions result in data moving, as quickly as possible, to the end of the chain and free locations to the beginning of the chain. figure 22. block diagram of 131,072 x 9 and 262,144 x 9 depth expansion dn input ready write enable write clock wen wclk ir data in rclk read clock rclk ren oe output enable output ready qn dn ir gnd wen wclk or ren oe qn read enable or data out idt 72281 72291 transfer clock 4675 drw 25 n n n fwft/si fwft/si fwft/si idt 72281 72291 ? ?
26 corporate headquarters for sales: for tech support: 2975 stender way 800-345-7015 or 408-727-6116 408-330-1753 santa clara, ca 95054 fax: 408-492-8674 email: fifohe lp@idt.com www.idt.com ordering information thin plastic quad flatpack (tqfp, pn64-1) slim thin quad flatpack (stqfp, pp64-1) commercial (0 c to +70 c) low power 65,536 x 9 supersyncfifo 131,072 x 9 supersyncfifo 4675 drw26 clock cycle time (t clk ) speed in nanoseconds com'l & ind'l pf tf idt xxxxx device type x power xx speed x package x process / temperature range blank i (1) 72281 72291 industrial (-40 c to +85 c) commercial only com'l & ind'l l 10 15 20 note: 1. industrial temperature range product for 15ns and 20ns speed grade are available as a standard device. datasheet document history 04/24/2001 pgs. 1, 5, 6 and 26.

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